Heat Exchanger and Heat Pump Using Same

ABSTRACT

A heat exchanger having a plurality of heat-transfer tubes arrayed at intervals in vertical and anteroposterior directions and arranged so that an equilateral triangle is formed by lines connecting the centers of heat-transfer tubes located vertically and anteroposteriorly adjacent to each other; and a plurality of heat-transfer corrugated fins arranged at intervals in an axial direction of the heat-transfer tubes, characterized in that when an external diameter of each of the heat-transfer tubes is V1; a vertical pitch of the heat-transfer tubes is V2, a fin pitch of the heat-transfer corrugated fins is V3, a fin plate thickness of each of the heat-transfer corrugated fins is V4, and a corrugate height of the heat-transfer corrugated fins is V5, any one of V2, V3 and V5 is set within a given range.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a heat exchanger that makes heat exchangebetween refrigerant and gas, such as air, for air-conditioning,freezing, cold storage, hot-water supply, etc., and more specifically,to a heat exchanger installed in a refrigerating circuit using a carbondioxide refrigerant and to a heat pump using the heat exchanger.

BACKGROUND ART

In late years, along with demands for high performance and downsizing ofapparatus to which heat exchangers of the above-mentioned type areapplied, the heat exchangers have been required to be increased in heatexchange amount and further reduced in size and weight. For that reason,a fin tube-type heat exchanger improved in these matters is suggested(see Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example).

The heat exchanger disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a pluralityof plate-like fins arranged parallel to each other, and allow gas toflow therebetween; heat-transfer tubes with an external diameter D (3mm≦D≦7 mm), which are perpendicularly inserted into the plate-like finsand allows working fluid to flow inside thereof, the tubes beingarranged in rows in a row direction perpendicular to a gas-passingdirection and also arranged in lines in a line direction that is thegas-passing direction; and cuts provided in faces of the plate-like finsand having openings opposed to the gas flow. A row pitch Dp in the rowdirection of the heat-transfer tubes is set in a range of 2D≦Dp≦3D. Aline pitch Lp in the line direction of the heat-transfer tubes is set ina range of 2D≦Lp≦3.5D. A fin pitch Fp of the plate-like fins is set in arange of 0.5D≦Fp≦0.7D. This makes it possible to materialize a heatexchanger that is low in ventilation resistance and good inheat-transfer performance.

Patent Document 2 refers to a fin tube-type heat exchanger having anumber of fins that are arranged at intervals substantially parallel toeach other and allow fluid A to flow through spaces therebetween, and anumber of heat-transfer tubes that are substantially perpendicularlyinserted into the fins and allow fluid B flows inside thereof. Carbondioxide is used as the fluid B of the fin tube-type heat exchanger inwhich an external diameter D of each the heat-transfer tubes is set in arange of 1 mm≦D<5 mm, a tube line pitch L1 in a flowing direction of thefluid A of the heat-transfer tubes is set in a range of 2.5D<L1≦3.4D,and a tube row pitch L2 in a perpendicular direction to the flowingdirection of the fluid A is set in a range of 3.0D<L2≦3.9D. As aconsequence, it is possible to provide a compact and high-voltage heatexchanger in which the balance of heat exchange amount and frostformation resistance is good, as compared to conventional fin tube-typeheat exchangers. Furthermore, since carbon dioxide is used as the fluidB, the refrigerant is high-pressure and high-density. Pressure loss inthe heat-transfer tubes therefore affects temperature change only alittle, so that a large amount of heat exchange can be obtained.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Document

-   Patent Document 1: Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai)    No. 2000-274982-   Patent Document 2: Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai)    No. 2005-9827

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

In the aim of providing the heat exchanger having a good heat-transferperformance, Patent Document 1 sets the external diameter D of theheat-transfer tubes, the values of the row pitch Dp in the row directionof the heat-transfer tubes, the line pitch Lp in the line direction ofthe heat-transfer tubes, and the fin pitch Fp of the plate-like fins tofall within their respective given ranges. For example, the value of therow pitch is used as a parameter of the row pitch, whereas the othervalues do not necessarily fall within optimum ranges and are determinedto be fixed values by calculating the heat exchange amount. Accordingly,relationship between the row pitch and the heat exchange amount when theother fixed values are changed is not clear. When the other fixed valuesare changed, it is unclear whether or not the heat exchange amount islarge while the row pitch falls in the given range.

To provide a fin tube-type heat exchanger in which there is asufficiently good balance between heat exchange amount and frostformation resistance, Patent Document 2 sets the tube line pitch L1 tobe 2.5D<L1≦3.4D, and the tube row pitch L2 to be 3.0D<L2≦3.9D while thetube external diameter D falls in a range of 1 mm≦D<5 mm. The fin pitchand fin plate thickness, which are constituents of the heat exchanger,have an influence on the heat exchange amount of the heat exchanger.Since the Patent Document 2 does not include the parameters of the finpitch and the fin plate thickness, it is unclear whether a proper heatexchange amount can be obtained simply by a combination of the tubeexternal diameter D, the tube line pitch L1 and the tube row pitch inthe given ranges. What is also unclear is the range setting of the tubeexternal diameter D, the tube line pitch L1 and the tube row pitch L2when the parameters of the fin pitch and the fin plate thickness arechanged.

In other words, the prior art documents are on the premise that theexternal diameter of the heat-transfer tubes, the pitch of theheat-transfer tubes, the fin pitch of the plate-like fins and the likecan be independently optimized. In fact, however, there is a certainrelationship between the parameters with respect to the heat exchangeamount, so that the optimum value of each parameter is determined by theother parameters.

It is not clear from the prior art documents as to how the parametersare determined to materialize the heat exchanger that provides the bestheat exchange amount. Furthermore, considering costs for producing theheat exchanger and workability in installing the heat exchanger in aheat pump, the heat exchange amount per unit weight is also an importantfactor. However, the prior art does not refer to the heat exchangeamount per unit weight.

The present invention has been made in light of the above problems. Itis an object of the invention to provide a compact and lightweight heatexchanger that provides the best heat exchange amount by determiningparameters' optimum values that exert heat exchange performance per unitweight of a fin tube-type heat exchanger to the utmost extent, inconsideration of relationship between the parameters, and a heat pumpusing the heat exchanger.

Means for Solving the Problems

In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides a heatexchanger having a plurality of heat-transfer tubes arrayed at intervalsin vertical and anteroposterior directions and arranged so that anequilateral triangle is formed by lines connecting the centers ofheat-transfer tubes located vertically and anteroposteriorly adjacent toeach other; and a plurality of heat-transfer corrugated fins arranged atintervals in an axial direction of the heat-transfer tubes, the heatexchanger being characterized in that, when an external diameter of eachof the heat-transfer tubes is V1, a vertical pitch of the heat-transfertubes is V2, a fin pitch of the heat-transfer corrugated fins is V3, afin plate thickness of each of the heat-transfer corrugated fins is V4,and a corrugate height of the heat-transfer corrugated fins is V5, anyone of V2, V3 and V5 is set within a range that satisfies a givenexpression including V1 to V5 except the one.

Preferably, if values of V1, V3, V4 and V5 are arbitrarily provided, V2is set within a range that satisfies a (No. 1) expression.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{11mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{11mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, if values of V1, V2, V4 and V5 are arbitrarily provided, V3is set within a range that satisfies a (No. 2) expression.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, if values of V1, V2, V3 and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V5is set within a range that satisfies a (No. 3) expression.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, if values of V1, V4 and V5 are arbitrarily provided, V2 andV3 are set within ranges that satisfy the (No. 1) and (No. 2)expressions, respectively.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, if values of V1, V2 and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V3 andV5 are set within ranges that satisfy the (No. 2) and (No. 3)expressions, respectively.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, if values of V1, V3 and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V2 andV5 are set within ranges that satisfy the (No. 1) and (No. 3)expressions, respectively.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, if values of V1 and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V2, V3 andV5 are set within ranges that satisfy the (No. 1), (No. 2) and (No. 3)expressions, respectively.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

Preferably, in the above constitution, the external diameter V1 of eachof the heat-transfer tubes is set within a range that satisfies a (No.4) expression.

4[mm]≦V1≦8[mm]  [No. 4]

Preferably, in the above constitution, a carbon dioxide refrigerantflows through the heat-transfer tubes.

The heat pump of the present invention uses the heat exchanger havingthe above constitution as an evaporator of a refrigerating circuit.

Advantageous Effects of the Invention

According to the present invention, heat exchanger performance per unitweight in the heat exchanger can be enhanced to maximum or up to a levelclose to maximum. It is then possible to obtain sufficient heat exchangeperformance and reduce the heat exchanger in size and weight. Moreover,according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchangeamount per opening area and unit temperature difference in the heatexchanger can be maximized. It is then possible to further enhance theheat exchange performance and further reduce the heat exchanger in sizeand weight.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling system using a fin tube-typeheat exchanger and a fan.

FIG. 2 shows relationship between air-side pressure loss and air volumein the fin tube-type heat exchanger.

FIG. 3 shows relationship between heat exchange amount per unittemperature difference and air volume in the fin tube-type heatexchanger.

FIG. 4 shows a specific zone of PQ characteristics of the fan.

FIG. 5 shows the PQ characteristics of the fan.

FIG. 6 shows an intersection of a line indicative of relationshipbetween the volume of air passing between heat-transfer corrugated finsduring air supply and pressure loss and a line indicative of the PQcharacteristics of the fan.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the fin tube-type heat exchanger.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the fin tube-type heat exchanger.

FIG. 9 shows relationship between heat exchange amount Q′ per unitweight and unit temperature difference and air volume in the fintube-type heat exchanger.

FIG. 10 shows relationship between a value of an approximate expressionand an actual value, pertinent to the heat exchange amount Q′ per unitweight and unit temperature difference in the fin tube-type heatexchanger.

FIG. 11 shows relationship between the heat exchange amount Q′ per unitweight and unit temperature difference and an external diameter of aheat-transfer tube in the fin tube-type heat exchanger.

FIG. 12 shows relationship between the heat exchange amount Q′ per unitweight and unit temperature difference and a vertical pitch V2 of theheat-transfer tube, a fin pitch V3 of heat-transfer corrugated fins, anda corrugate height V5 of the heat-transfer corrugated fins, in the fintube-type heat exchanger.

FIG. 13 shows a range of V2 when Q′ reaches 98 percent of a maximumvalue of Q′.

FIG. 14 shows a range of V3 when Q′ is 98 percent of the maximum valueof Q′.

FIG. 15 shows a range of V5 when Q′ is 98 percent of the maximum valueof Q′.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration view of a heat pump-style waterheater using the heat exchanger of the present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A mode for carrying out the invention will be described below in detailwith reference to the attached drawings.

In a cooling system using a fin tube-type heat exchanger and a fan, theactual degree of cooling depends chiefly upon the constitution of theheat exchanger and the characteristics of the fan.

Relationship between air-side pressure loss and air volume in a certainfin tube-type heat exchanger is found as shown in FIG. 2. Relationshipbetween heat exchange amount per unit temperature difference Q[W/K] andair volume is found as shown in FIG. 3. The heat exchange amount perunit temperature difference Q[W/K] is obtained as below.

Assuming that air temperature is changed from T1[K] to T2[K] when airpasses through the heat exchanger (temperature Thex) at air volumeV[m³/h] as shown in FIG. 1, thermal energy transfer amount from the heatexchanger to air per unit time, namely, heat exchange amount q[W], isrepresented by a (No. 5) expression, where air density is n[kg/m³], andspecific heat is C[J/(kg·K)].

$\begin{matrix}{q = {{nC}\frac{V}{3600}\left( {{T\; 2} - {T\; 1}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

A result obtained by dividing q by an absolute value of temperaturedifference between inflow air and the heat exchanger is the heatexchange amount per unit temperature Q[W/K], that is, a (No. 6)expression.

$\begin{matrix}{Q = {{nC}\frac{V}{3600}\frac{{T\; 2} - {T\; 1}}{{{Thex} - {T\; 1}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

For example, if the heat exchanger is one for heating, it is onlynecessary to increase the heat-exchanger temperature Thex to be higherthan inflow air temperature T1 to make air temperature T2 after airpasses through the heat exchanger higher than the inflow air temperatureT1 before air passes through the heat exchanger. In short, q can beincreased by increasing the temperature difference between the inflowair and the heat exchanger |Thex−T1|. Q represents the heat exchangeperformance reflecting not only |Thex−T1| but also the advantages ofconfiguration of the heat exchanger by dividing q by |Thex−T1|.

How much air amount [m³/h] is obtained when air is supplied with the fanplaced in front (or at the rear) of the heat exchanger as shown in FIG.1 depends upon the combination of the fan characteristics and the heatexchanger configuration. For example, if the fan having thecharacteristics (FIG. 5) included in a “specific zone of PQcharacteristics of the fan” shown in FIG. 4 is combined with the heatexchanger having the characteristics of pressure loss and air amountshown in FIG. 2, the air amount to be obtained is air amount V at theintersection of the lines indicative of both the characteristics shownin FIG. 6. If the air amount V is found, the actual heat exchange amountper unit temperature difference Q[W/K] can be calculated from thecharacteristics shown in FIG. 3, which has already been obtained. If theheat exchanger temperature Thex and the inflow air temperature T1 areprovided, it is possible to calculate the heat exchange amount q[W] andthe temperature T2 of the air discharged from the heat exchanger. It canbe considered that the inventions disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2are for increasing q[W] or Q[W/K].

The most lightweight and high-performance heat exchanger is one havingthe highest heat exchange performance per unit weight.

Therefore, a result obtained by further dividing Q[W/K] by the weight ofthe heat exchanger [kg] is indicated as Q′[W/(kg·K)], namely, a (No. 7)expression, and used as an index of the heat exchange performance perunit weight.

$\begin{matrix}{Q^{\prime} = \frac{Q}{M}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Weight M[kg] is the heat exchanger's weight per unit opening area andper number of heat-transfer tube lines.

FIG. 4 shows the specific zone of PQ characteristics of the fan.Concerning fan performance, air amount is determined by rotationalspeed, so that the rotational speed is needed as a selective parameterof fan performance. On the other hand, although the air amount isincreased by improving the fan rotational speed, a noise problem takesplace. If the rotational speed is reduced to lower noises, the airamount is decreased. On this account, the specific zone of PQcharacteristics of FIG. 4 is a zone that is defined by high and lowrotational speeds. A single fan (PQ characteristic) included in thespecific zone is selected.

Concerning the fin tube-type heat exchanger, there is provided a heatexchanger 1 having a plurality of heat-transfer tubes 2 arranged atradial intervals so that an equilateral triangle is formed by linesconnecting the centers of the heat-transfer tubes 2 located verticallyand anteroposteriorly adjacent to each other; and a plurality ofheat-transfer corrugated fins 3 arranged at intervals in an axialdirection of the heat-transfer tubes. The heat exchanger 1 is soconfigured that a combination of the heat-transfer tube's externaldiameter V1 [mm], the heat-transfer tube pitch V2 [mm], the fin pitch V3[mm], the fin plate thickness V4 [mm] and the corrugate height V5 [mm]is specified (see FIGS. 7 and 8 as for the parameters). To be specific,a vertical distance between every two adjacent heat-transfer tubes 2 isV2, and the entire vertical length of a fin plate is, for example, 152.4[mm] as shown in FIG. 7. An anteroposterior distance between every twoadjacent heat-transfer tubes 2 is (√{square root over ( )}3V2)/2.Distance from each anteroposterior end of the fin plate to theheat-transfer tubes 2 is a half of (√{square root over ( )}3V2)/2, thatis, (√{square root over ( )}3V2)/4. The entire anteroposterior length ofthe fin plate is 2√{square root over ( )}3V2 as shown in FIG. 7.

With respect to the heat exchanger, the relationship between pressureloss and air amount as shown in FIG. 2, and the characteristics ofQ′[W/(kg·K)] and the air amount as shown in FIG. 9 are measured. The airamount to be provided by thus combining the fan and the heat exchangeris obtained as shown in FIG. 6, and Q′ corresponding to this air amountis calculated. Such work is carried out with respect to combinations ofa number of fans and a number of heat exchanger configurations includedin the specific zone of PQ characteristics of the fan.

On the basis of a large amount of the data obtained, Q′ is approximatelyexpressed by a (No. 8) expression in the form of a function of theheat-transfer tube's external diameter V1, the heat-transfer tube pitchV2, the fin pitch V3, the fin plate thickness V4, and the corrugateheight V5.

$\begin{matrix}{Q^{\prime} = {{C\; 0} + {C\; 1V\; 1} + {C\; 2V\; 2} + {C\; 3V\; 3} + {C\; 4\; V\; 4} + {C\; 5\; V\; 5} + {C\; 11V\; 1^{2}} + {C\; 12V\; 1V\; 2} + {C\; 13V\; 1V\; 3} + {C\; 14\; V\; 1V\; 4} + {C\; 15\; V\; 1V\; 5} + {C\; 22V\; 2^{2}} + {C\; 23V\; 2V\; 3} + {C\; 24V\; 2V\; 4} + {C\; 25V\; 2V\; 5} + {C\; 33V\; 3^{2}} + {C\; 34V\; 3\; V\; 4} + {C\; 35V\; 3V\; 5} + {C\; 44V\; 4^{2}} + {C\; 45V\; 4V\; 5} + {C\; 55V\; 5^{2}}}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Since the term of C45V4V5 is a very small value, this term can beomitted from the (No. 8) expression and will be therefore omitted. A(No. 9) expression holds when the term of C45V4V5 is omitted.

$\begin{matrix}{Q^{\prime} = {{C\; 0} + {C\; 1\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 2\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 3\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 4\mspace{20mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 5\mspace{20mu} V\; 5} + {C\; 11\mspace{14mu} V\; 1^{2}} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 14\mspace{20mu} V\; 1\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 15\mspace{20mu} V\; 1\mspace{14mu} V\; 5} + {C\; 22\mspace{14mu} V\; 2^{2}} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 2\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2\mspace{14mu} V\; 5} + {C\; 33\mspace{14mu} V\; 3^{2}} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 3\mspace{20mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3\mspace{14mu} V\; 5} + {C\; 44\mspace{14mu} V\; 4^{2}} + {C\; 55\mspace{14mu} V\; 5^{2}}}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where coefficients C0, C1, C2, C3, . . . and C55 in the (No. 9)expression are coefficients obtained by a response surface method asshown in (TABLE 1).

TABLE 1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915

In FIG. 10, a horizontal axis indicates the data of actual Q′, and avertical axis indicates Q′f, that is, a value obtained by calculating Q′corresponding to the data through the (No. 9) expression. The data isdistributed substantially along a line of Q′=Q′f, and thus shows thatthe (No. 9) expression is appropriate.

The coefficient C11 that is included in Q′ expressed in the (No. 9)expression is a coefficient of the square of V1. Since C11>0, Q′ isshown in a downwardly convex shape relative to V1 (external diameter ofthe heat-transfer tube). This means that V1 that maximizes Q′, or anoptimum value of V1, does not exist. Observation reveals that only theheat-transfer tube pitch V2, the fin pitch V3, and the corrugate heightV5 have optimum values that maximize Q′. As to V2, V3 and V5, therefore,Q′ is shown in an upwardly convex shape as shown in FIG. 12.

The optimum values of V2, V3 and V5 are obtained in the followingmanner. As to V2, Q′ reaches a maximum at a vertex of the convex whereslope is zero as shown in FIG. 12. This can be expressed by a (No. 10)expression.

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{\partial Q^{\prime}}{{\partial V}\; 2} = 0} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

If the (No. 10) expression is applied to the (No. 9) expression, a (No.11) expression is established.

C2+C12V1+2C22V2+C23V3+C24V4+C25V5=0  [No. 11]

This is a relational expression satisfied by V1, V2, . . . V5 when V2reaches an optimum value. If the optimum value of V2 is calculatedthrough this expression, the heat-transfer tube pitch V2 of the heatexchanger, at which the heat exchange amount Q′ reaches a maximum, canbe determined.

The same is true on V3. The maximum Q′ reaches a maximum at the vertexof the convex where slope is zero. This can be expressed by a (No. 12)expression.

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{\partial Q^{\prime}}{{\partial V}\; 3} = 0} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 12} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

If the (No. 12) expression is applied to the (No. 9) expression, a (No.13) expression is established.

C3+C13V1+C23V2+2C33V3+C34V4+C35V5=0  [No. 13]

This is a relational expression satisfied by V1, V2, . . . and V5 whenV3 reaches an optimum value. If the optimum value of V3 is calculatedthrough this expression, the fin pitch V3 of the heat exchanger, atwhich the heat exchange amount Q′ reaches a maximum, can be determined.

The same is true on V5. Q′ reaches a maximum at the vertex of the convexwhere slope is zero. This can be expressed by a (No. 14) expression.

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{\partial Q^{\prime}}{{\partial V}\; 5} = 0} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 14} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

If the (No. 14) expression is applied to the (No. 9) expression, a (No.15) expression is established.

C5+C15V1+C25V2+C25V3+2C55V5=0  [No. 15]

This is a relational expression satisfied by V1, V2, . . . and V5 whenV5 reaches an optimum value. If the optimum value of V5 is calculatedthrough this expression, the corrugate height V5 of the heat exchanger,at which the heat exchange amount Q′ reaches a maximum, can bedetermined.

According to the (No. 8) expression, the (No. 15) expression actuallyincludes a term of C45V4. Based upon the (No. 9) expression, however,the term of C45V4 is omitted. Likewise, the term of C45V4 will beomitted from (No. 16), (No. 17), (No. 18), (No. 22) and (No. 24)expressions.

To set V2, V3 and V5 to optimum values and maximize Q′, V2, V3 and V5have to be determined to satisfy the (No. 11), (No. 13) and (No. 15)expressions all at the same time. In short, the simultaneous linearequation, namely, the (No. 16) expression, needs to be solved.

$\begin{matrix}{{\begin{pmatrix}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22} & {C\; 23} & {C\; 25} \\{C\; 23} & {2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33} & {C\; 35} \\{C\; 25} & {C\; 35} & {2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{V\; 2} \\{V\; 3} \\{V\; 5}\end{pmatrix}} = \begin{pmatrix}{{{- C}\; 2} - {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4}} \\{{{- C}\; 3} - {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4}} \\{{{- C}\; 5} - {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1}}\end{pmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 16} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

However, the values of V1 and V4 need to be provided. In view ofdesigning, this means that when V1 and V4 are first arbitrarily decided,V2, V3 and V5 that maximize Q′ are determined by the (No. 16)expression.

In the foregoing description, V1 and V4 can be arbitrarily decided, andthe optimum V2, V3 and V5 are accordingly calculated. However, in theactual designing, not only V1 and V4 but also V2 is occasionallydetermined due to some design restriction. In such a case, the optimumvalue of V2 cannot be selected. As for V3 and V5, however, optimumvalues can be calculated. In this case, the (No. 13) and (No. 15)expressions are simultaneously solved. In other words, V3 and V5 aredetermined by solving the simultaneous linear equation, namely, the (No.17) expression.

$\begin{matrix}{{\begin{pmatrix}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33} & {C\; 35} \\{C\; 35} & {2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{V\; 3} \\{V\; 5}\end{pmatrix}} = \begin{pmatrix}{{{- C}\; 3} - {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} - {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4}} \\{{{- C}\; 5} - {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2}}\end{pmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 17} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Likewise, if not only V1 and V4 but also V3 is beforehand determined,the (No. 18) expression needs to be solved through the (No. 11) and (No.15) expressions to calculate the optimum values of V2 and V5.

$\begin{matrix}{{\begin{pmatrix}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22} & {C\; 25} \\{C\; 25} & {2\mspace{14mu} C\; 55}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{V\; 2} \\{V\; 5}\end{pmatrix}} = \begin{pmatrix}{{{- C}\; 2} - {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} - {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4}} \\{{{- C}\; 5} - {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}}\end{pmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 18} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

If not only V1 and V4 but also V5 is beforehand determined, the (No. 19)expression needs to be solved through the (No. 11) and (No. 13)expressions to calculate the optimum values of V2 and V3.

$\begin{matrix}{{\begin{pmatrix}{2\mspace{14mu} C\; 22} & {C\; 23} \\{C\; 23} & {2\mspace{14mu} C\; 33}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{V\; 2} \\{V\; 3}\end{pmatrix}} = \begin{pmatrix}{{{- C}\; 2} - {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} - {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \\{{{- C}\; 3} - {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} - {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} - {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}}\end{pmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 19} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

If there are more severe design restrictions, and all but V2 arebeforehand determined, V2 needs to be determined from the (No. 11)expression to optimize V2 at least. This can be expressed by a (No. 20)expression.

$\begin{matrix}{{V\; 2} = {\frac{- 1}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 20} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Likewise, a (No. 21) expression is employed to optimize V3 only.

$\begin{matrix}{{V\; 3} = {\frac{- 1}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 21} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

To optimize V5 only, a (No. 22) expression is employed.

$\begin{matrix}{{V\; 5} = {\frac{- 1}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 22} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

The above descriptions are about how to establish the relationalexpressions to be satisfied by V2, V3 and V5 when Q′ reaches a maximum.However, for example, if V2 is indicated by the horizontal axis, and Q′by the vertical axis, a graph shown in FIG. 13 is obtained. Similarly,if V3 and V5 are indicated by horizontal axes, graphs are obtained asshown in FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively. As far as V2 is concerned, evenif the (No. 20) expression is not satisfied, when V2 falls in a range offrom 0.8 to 1.2 times of the optimum value thereof, that is, in a rangeindicated by a (No. 23) expression, it is possible to obtain Q′ that is98 percent of the maximum value of Q′ or higher.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 23} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

The same is true on V3 and V5. If V3 and V5 fall in ranges indicated by(No. 24) and (No. 25) expressions, it is possible to obtain Q′ that is98 percent of the maximum value of Q′ or higher.

$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 24} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 25} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

(TABLE 2) shows specific examples of combinations of optimum parameters,which are obtained by the foregoing method.

TABLE 2 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 Q′ No. [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [W/(kg · K)] 14.5 22.35 1.51 0.2 0.02 828.2 2 4.5 15.28 0.73 0.3 0.15 787.2 3 5 29.412.88 0.1 0.17 1231.1 4 5 22.35 2.1 0.2 0.3 844.5 5 5 15.28 1.31 0.3 0.44834.2 6 5 8.22 0.53 0.4 0.58 1200.2 7 6 29.41 4.05 0.1 0.74 1140.9 8 622.34 3.26 0.2 0.87 815.9 9 6 15.28 2.48 0.3 1.01 867.0 10 6 8.21 1.70.4 1.15 1294.4 11 7 29.4 5.22 0.1 1.31 969.0 12 7 22.34 4.43 0.2 1.45705.4 13 7 15.27 3.65 0.3 1.58 818.0 14 7 8.21 2.87 0.4 1.72 1306.8 15 829.4 6.38 0.1 1.88 715.4 16 8 22.33 5.6 0.2 2.02 513.2 17 8 15.27 4.820.3 2.15 687.2 18 8 8.2 4.03 0.4 2.29 1237.5

According to the present invention, if the heat-transfer tube's externaldiameter V1, the vertical pitch V2 of the heat-transfer tubes, the finpitch V3 of the heat-transfer corrugated fins, the fin plate thicknessV4 of the heat-transfer corrugated fins, and the corrugate height V5 ofthe heat-transfer corrugated fins are determined so as to satisfy thegiven expression, it is possible to obtain a fin tube-type heatexchanger that is compact and lightweight, and has the highest heatexchange performance per unit weight.

The heat-transfer tubes of the heat exchanger of the present embodimentare arrayed at radial intervals in vertical and anteroposteriordirections and also arranged so that an equilateral triangle is formedby lines connecting the centers of the heat-transfer tubes locatedvertically and anteroposteriorly adjacent to each other. It is alsopossible to arrange the heat-transfer tubes to form an isoscelestriangle whose base is a line connecting every two vertically adjacentheat-transfer tubes, and to set a pitch of two anteroposteriorlyadjacent heat-transfer tubes (pitch corresponding to a hypotenuse of theisosceles triangle) to be 80 to 110 percent of a pitch of two verticallyadjacent heat-transfer tubes. It has already been confirmed that, in theabove-described case, the heat exchanger maintains the heat exchangeperformance per unit weight which is as high as in the case where theequilateral triangle is formed. In other words, the equilateral triangleof the invention includes the isosceles triangle in which the pitch oftwo anteroposteriorly adjacent heat-transfer tubes is 80 to 110 percentof the pitch of two vertically adjacent heat-transfer tubes.

It has also been confirmed that, according to the present invention, theheat exchange performance per unit weight can be maximized when theheat-transfer tube's external diameter V1 is in a range of from 4 (mm)to 8 (mm).

A heat pump-style water heater shown in FIG. 16 uses the heat exchangerof the invention as an evaporator of a refrigerating circuit.

In FIG. 16, the heat pump-style water heater includes a refrigeratingcircuit 10 circulating a refrigerant; a first hot-water supply circuit20 circulating water for hot-water supply; a second hot-water supplycircuit 30 circulating water for hot-water supply; a bathtub circuit 40circulating water for a bathtub; a first water heat exchanger 50 thatmakes heat exchange between the refrigerant of the refrigerating circuit10 and the water for hot-water supply of the first hot-water supplycircuit 20; and a second water heat exchanger 60 that makes heatexchange between the water for hot-water supply in the second hot-watersupply circuit 30 and the water for a bathtub in the bathtub circuit 40.

The refrigerating circuit 10 is constructed by connecting a compressor11, an expansion valve 12, an evaporator 13, and the first water heatexchanger 50 together. The refrigerant is circulated through thecompressor 11, the first water heat exchanger 50, the expansion valve12, the evaporator 13, and the compressor 11 in order. The heatexchanger of the invention is installed in the evaporator 13. Therefrigerant used in the refrigerating circuit 10 is a carbon dioxiderefrigerant.

The first hot-water supply circuit 20 is constructed by connecting ahot-water tank 21, a first pump 22, and the first water heat exchanger50 together. The water for hot-water supply is circulated through thehot-water tank 21, the first pump 22, the first water heat exchanger 50,and the hot-water tank 21 in order. Connected to the hot-water tank 21are a water-supply pipe 23 and the second hot-water supply circuit 30.The water for hot-water supply, which is supplied from the water-supplypipe 23, is circulated through the first hot-water supply circuit 20 viathe hot-water tank 21. The hot-water tank 21 and a bathtub 41 areconnected to each other via a flow path 25 provided with a second pump24. The second pump 24 is used to supply the water for hot-water supplyin the hot-water tank 21 into the bathtub 41.

The second hot-water supply circuit 30 is constructed by connecting thehot-water tank 21, a third pump 31, and a second water heat exchanger 60together. The water for hot-water supply is circulated through thehot-water tank 21, the second water heat exchanger 60, the third pump 31and the hot-water tank 21 in order.

The bathtub circuit 40 is constructed by connecting the bathtub 41, afourth pump 42 and the second water heat exchanger 60 together. Thewater for a bathtub is circulated through the bathtub 41, the fourthpump 42, the second water heat exchanger 60 and the bathtub 41 in order.

The first water heat exchanger 50 is connected to the refrigeratingcircuit 10 and the first hot-water supply circuit 20, thereby makingheat exchange between the refrigerant serving as a first heating mediumthat circulates through the refrigerating circuit 10 and the water forhot-water supply which serves as a second heating medium that circulatesthrough the first hot-water supply circuit 20.

The second water heat exchanger 60 is connected to the second hot-watersupply circuit 30 and the bathtub circuit 40, thereby making heatexchange between the water for hot-water supply in the second hot-watersupply circuit 30 and the water for a bathtub in the bathtub circuit 40.

The water heater is formed mainly of a heating unit 70 equipped with therefrigerating circuit 10 and the first water heat exchanger 50, and atank unit 80 equipped with the hot-water tank 21, the first pump 22, thesecond pump 24, the second hot-water supply circuit 30, the fourth pump42 and the second water heat exchanger 60. The heating unit 70 and thetank unit 80 are connected to each other via the first hot-water supplycircuit 20.

In the water heater thus configured, heat exchange is made between ahigh-temperature refrigerant in the refrigerating circuit 10 and thewater for hot-water supply in the first hot-water supply circuit 20 bythe first water heat exchanger 50. The water for hot-water supply, whichis heated by the first water heat exchanger 50, is stored in thehot-water tank 21. The water for hot-water supply in the hot-water tank21 is heat-exchanged with the water for a bathtub in the bathtub circuit40 by the second water heat exchanger 60. The water for a bathtub, whichis heated by the second water heat exchanger 60, is supplied into thebathtub 41.

Although the embodiment explains the case in which the heat exchanger ofthe invention is used as the evaporator 13 of the heat pump-style waterheater, it does not necessarily so. The heat exchanger of the inventionmay be used as another heat exchanger, such as an evaporator for anautomatic dispenser.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The invention enhances the heat exchange performance of the heatexchanger and reduces the heat exchanger in size and weight. Theinvention can therefore be widely used as a heat exchanger forair-conditioning, freezing, cold storage, hot-water supply, etc., and isalso applicable especially as an evaporator of a refrigerating circuitfor a heat pump-style water heater or an automatic dispenser using acarbon dioxide refrigerant.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE SIGNS

-   -   1 heat exchanger    -   2 heat-transfer tube    -   3 heat-transfer corrugated fin    -   13 evaporator

1. A heat exchanger having a plurality of heat-transfer tubes arrayed atintervals in vertical and anteroposterior directions and arranged sothat an equilateral triangle is formed by lines connecting the centersof heat-transfer tubes located vertically and anteroposteriorly adjacentto each other; and a plurality of heat-transfer corrugated fins arrangedat intervals in an axial direction of the heat-transfer tubes, wherein:when an external diameter of each of the heat-transfer tubes is V1, avertical pitch of the heat-transfer tubes is V2, a fin pitch of theheat-transfer corrugated fins is V3, a fin plate thickness of each ofthe heat-transfer corrugated fins is V4, and a corrugate height of theheat-transfer corrugated fins is V5, any one of V2, V3 and V5 is setwithin a range that satisfies a given expression including V1 to V5except the one.
 2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein ifvalues of V1, V3, V4 and V5 are arbitrarily provided, V2 is set within arange that satisfies a (No. 1) expression. $\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein if values of V1, V2,V4 and V5 are arbitrarily provided, V3 is set within a range thatsatisfies a (No. 2) expression. $\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein if values of V1, V2,V3 and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V5 is set within a range thatsatisfies a (No. 3) expression. $\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein if values of V1, V4and V5 are arbitrarily provided, V2 and V3 are set within ranges thatsatisfy the (No. 1) and (No. 2) expressions, respectively.$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


6. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein if values of V1, V2and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V3 and V5 are set within ranges thatsatisfy the (No. 2) and (No. 3) expressions, respectively.$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein if values of V1, V3and V4 are arbitrarily provided, V2 and V5 are set within ranges thatsatisfy the (No. 1) and (No. 3) expressions, respectively.$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


8. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein if values of V1 andV4 are arbitrarily provided, V2, V3 and V5 are set within ranges thatsatisfy the (No. 1), (No. 2) and (No. 3) expressions, respectively.$\begin{matrix}{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 2} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 22}\left( {{C\; 2} + {C\; 12\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 3} + {C\; 24\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)} \leq {V\; 3} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 33}\left( {{C\; 3} + {C\; 13\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 23\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 34\mspace{14mu} V\; 4} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 5}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \\{{\frac{- 0.8}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)} \leq {V\; 5} \leq {\frac{- 1.2}{2\mspace{20mu} C\; 55}\left( {{C\; 5} + {C\; 15\mspace{14mu} V\; 1} + {C\; 25\mspace{14mu} V\; 2} + {C\; 35\mspace{14mu} V\; 3}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{No}.\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$ where coefficients Cx are values shown in (TABLE 1). TABLE1 C0 1274.598 C1 −468.304 C2 85.77825 C3 323.3443 C4 −4920.25 C5681.3158 C11 14.17817 C12 11.37856 C13 −53.7093 C14 1110.834 C15−82.8563 C22 −2.11724 C23 3.432876 C24 −235.301 C25 −26.9782 C33−25.3635 C34 −425.852 C35 197.8195 C44 8831.846 C55 −129.915


9. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the externaldiameter V1 of each of the heat-transfer tubes is set within a rangethat satisfies a (No. 4) expression.4[mm]≦V1≦8[mm]  [No. 4]
 10. The heat exchanger according to claim 1,wherein a carbon dioxide refrigerant flows through the heat-transfertubes.
 11. A heat pump characterized by using, as an evaporator of arefrigerating circuit, the heat exchanger claimed in claim 1.